Final answer:
Morality applies to beings capable of ethical reflection, primarily humans. It encompasses actions and decisions based on concepts of right and wrong, influenced by society and personal reasoning. Philosophical frameworks provide structure to morality, though its complexity means it extends beyond simple formulas to encompass the full range of human experience.
Step-by-step explanation:
Morality is a concept that applies to entities capable of making decisions based on a sense of right and wrong. Traditionally, this is thought to apply to humans, as they have the cognitive abilities to understand and evaluate their actions. The application of morality involves considering actions that promote well-being and discourage harm, drawing upon societal norms and individual reasoning. For instance, actions that encourage cooperation and care promote the social fabric and human flourishing, reflecting the evolutionarily developed traits in humans and other primates.
In Nietzsche's parable, morality is characterized as an ideological expression, a way for the lambs to express their displeasure at the predatory birds. This reflection shows that morality can also be an expression of personal anger or a response to perceived injustices, illustrating how the mores and ethos of society shape moral perceptions. Meanwhile, in ethics, we often grapple with applied ethics, considering the rightness or wrongness of specific actions, such as the usage of plastics and their environmental impact.
Moreover, differing philosophical views, like utilitarianism or deontology, offer various frameworks for understanding morality. Some philosophers critique these as being overly simplistic and not wholly representing the complexity of moral experiences. Overall, morality is a multi-faceted concept that is integral to social cohesion and personal behavior, requiring continuous reflection and dialog.