Final answer:
Inequity, option d is the term that describes the unfair distribution of health determinants, outcomes, and resources based on social standing. It involves unjust power imbalances and often affects marginalized groups, contrasting with inequality, which refers to differences without regard to fairness.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term that describes the unfair distribution of health determinants, outcomes, and resources based on a person’s or group’s social standing is inequity. This refers to the uneven distribution of resources that results from unjust power imbalances and often affects historically marginalized groups. Inequity can be observed in various sectors like banking, voting, and housing where systemic oppression and institutional policies exacerbate disparities. It contrasts with inequality, which is simply the existence of differences in the same metrics without necessarily attributing them to unfairness or injustice. Social factors such as race, gender, and socioeconomic status (SES) influence an individual's opportunities and outcomes, contributing to health disparities among different segments of the population.