Final answer:
The name for the formal process of checking scientific research for originality, significance, and quality is called peer review, which involves a critical assessment by experts in the field. Therefore , the correct answer options is 4)
Step-by-step explanation:
The formal process through which scientific research is checked for originality, significance, and quality before being accepted into scientific literature is known as peer review.
This validating procedure involves the evaluation of the research by one or more experts in the field, apart from the authors, before a paper is published in a scholarly or scientific journal. During this process, reviewers assess the manuscript's method for conducting the research, the rejection of unsupported or invalid results, the extension of existing findings, the termination of flawed methods, and the collection and interpretation of data.
This critical assessment ensures that the research meets the necessary standards of science before it becomes part of the scientific record.