Final answer:
The Neolithic Revolution marked the transition from hunting and gathering to settled agricultural communities, leading to increased human population, social complexity, and the creation of permanent settlements. The correct answer is option a.
Step-by-step explanation:
The basic change that occurred with the Neolithic Revolution was a significant shift in the way human beings lived. This change, which began about twelve thousand years ago, is known as the transition from a nomadic lifestyle, characterized by hunting and gathering, to a more settled way of life, based primarily on agriculture and the domestication of animals.
Earlier human communities were made up of hunter-gatherers who moved from place to place in search of food. However, with the Neolithic Revolution, changes in climate and environment, as well as advances in human knowledge and tools, allowed people to deliberately cultivate plants and domesticate animals. This led to the development of stable, permanent settlements and enabled human populations to grow. The invention of farming allowed for the production of surplus food, which in turn supported larger populations.
As a result, societies became more complex, with new forms of social organization and labor specialization, paving the way for the establishment of sophisticated Neolithic settlements, such as those found at Çatalhöyük and Göbekli Tepe. Consequently, this transformation supported an increase in the human population, making option (a) the correct answer.