Final answer:
The customs of tribes in central and southern Africa are predominantly based on African traditions, although they have also been shaped by Islamic and European influences through history.
Step-by-step explanation:
The tribes of central and southern Africa are primarily based on African customs. Throughout history, the interactions among various cultures including Bantu migrations from West and Central Africa, the spread of Islam by Arab traders, the development of city-states along the Swahili coast, and European colonization have all influenced the cultural practices within this region. Notably, Swahili culture emerged from the blend of Arab and Bantu cultures, as Arab traders settled and intermarried with the local Bantu-speaking populations, giving rise to a unique synthesis of language and customs.
While Islamic and European influences are noticeable, particularly along the eastern coast and in countries that experienced colonial rule, it is the ancient, indigenous traditions and animistic religions that have maintained a strong presence in the daily lives of various ethnic groups, such as the Zulu and Xhosa in South Africa. Furthermore, societies such as those involved with the Great Zimbabwe state were characterized by their own complex structures and customs. The matrilineal societies of this region, particularly among the Bantu-speaking peoples, contrast with the Arabic traditions that were also taking root in some coastal areas.