Question

4. Acacias are small, Central American trees. They have large, hollow thorns. The acacia ants live in the thorns. On the tips of its leaflets, the plant makes a substance used by the ants as food. The ants defend the tree from herbivores by attacking/stinging any animal that even accidentally brushes up against the plant. The ants also prune off seedlings of any other plants that sprout under "their" tree. As the acacia evolves the ant does as well since they both benefit from this mutualistic relationship. What type of evolution is being described

Answer 1

This describes coevolution, the interdependent evolution of two species in response to their interaction: the acacia evolving defenses and food supplies for the ants, and the ants evolving protection for the acacia in return.

In the vibrant tapestry of nature, acacia trees and acacia ants weave a captivating tale of coevolution, a dance of shared benefit where one species' evolution becomes entwined with the other's. Imagine these small, tenacious trees dotting the Central American landscape, their branches adorned with hollow thorns and leaflets. Within these thorns dwells a bustling community – the acacia ants.

This partnership is a masterclass in mutualism, a win-win for both parties. The ants find a luxurious home in the sturdy thorns, complete with built-in security against predators. But their role doesn't end at residence. Like dedicated chefs, the acacia provides its ant tenants with a sweet nectar produced on the tips of its leaflets. It's a delectable feast, fueling the ants' tireless energy.

In return, the ants act as fierce bodyguards for their leafy landlord. Woe betide any herbivore who dares to nibble on an acacia leaf! The resident ant warriors emerge in a bristling swarm, delivering swift, stinging attacks even at the slightest brush. And their protective zeal extends beyond mere defense. Like miniature gardeners, the ants diligently prune away seedlings of any other plant that dares to sprout under "their" tree, ensuring the acacia enjoys the full bounty of sunlight and nutrients.

This intricate dance of interdependence paints a breathtaking picture of coevolution. As the acacia evolves stronger thorns and sweeter nectar, it inadvertently selects for ant species better equipped to defend and cultivate. Likewise, the ants, honing their defensive skills and gardening prowess, shape the evolution of the acacia, pushing it towards enhanced defenses and richer food production. It's a beautiful, dynamic cycle where both parties evolve in response to the other, their destinies tightly intertwined through this mutualistic pact.