Final Answer:
(d) Board of Directors top managers' primary accountability resides with the Board of Directors to ensure effective governance and strategic direction.
Explanation:
Top private sector managers are primarily accountable to the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors represents the interests of the shareholders and is responsible for overseeing the company's strategic decisions, policies, and performance. Managers report to the board, providing updates, seeking guidance, and executing decisions in line with the board's directives.
Managers' accountability to the Board of Directors is crucial for ensuring alignment between the company's operational activities and its overarching goals. The board sets the vision, defines the corporate strategy, and evaluates managerial performance, holding them accountable for achieving targets and upholding ethical standards.
While managers interact with various stakeholders like employees, customers, and government entities, their ultimate accountability lies with the board. They must balance stakeholder interests but prioritize decisions that align with the long-term interests of the shareholders, as represented by the board.
The Board of Directors acts as a crucial oversight body, ensuring managerial decisions align with the company's values and goals while maintaining financial health and sustainability. Therefore, top managers' primary accountability resides with the Board of Directors to ensure effective governance and strategic direction.
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