Final answer:
In Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, 'Productivity' is not one of the levels, whereas 'Safety', 'Esteem', 'Physiological', and 'Social' are included.
Step-by-step explanation:
Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs is a foundational theory in psychology that categorizes human needs into a hierarchical pyramid, providing insight into the progression of motivations. The correct answer to the question, as Productivity is not one of the levels in Maslow's hierarchy, is (b) Productivity.
Maslow's hierarchy is structured into five levels, starting from the base: Physiological, Safety, Social, Esteem, and Self-actualization. Physiological needs, such as food, water, and shelter, form the foundational tier, followed by Safety needs, which encompass security and stability. The Social tier involves the need for interpersonal relationships and a sense of belonging. Esteem needs focus on self-respect and recognition from others. The pinnacle is Self-actualization, representing the fulfillment of personal potential and self-discovery.
It's essential to note that Maslow later added a sixth tier, Self-transcendence, which involves the desire to transcend personal concerns and contribute to a greater cause beyond oneself.
The hierarchy suggests a sequential progression, asserting that lower-level needs must be satisfied before individuals are motivated to pursue higher-level needs. The model provides a framework for understanding human motivations, emphasizing that individuals strive for self-fulfillment and personal growth once their basic needs are met. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs has had a significant impact on psychology and various fields, guiding discussions on motivation, personal development, and the factors influencing human behavior.