Final answer:
Frederick W. Taylor's scientific management approach emphasized efficiency, particularly through developing a science for each job (option b). His time-motion studies aimed to optimize work processes, although this focus on efficiency often led to criticism from workers and unions.
Step-by-step explanation:
Frederick Winslow Taylor, known for his advocacy of scientific management, introduced principles designed to enhance industrial efficiency. One of the key elements of Taylor's approach was to develop a science for each job, allowing for a systematic study of work processes. This included creating standardized methods to improve labor productivity and eliminate wasteful motions. Hence, the correct answer to the question is option (b) Develop a science for each job.
Taylor's time-motion studies were a fundamental part of this process, aiming to optimize and simplify work. He encouraged factory owners to focus on efficiency and profitability, often at the expense of workers' personal interaction and autonomy, which led to significant criticism from labor unions and workers.