Final answer:
The management consultant uses principles from scientific management, which were pioneered by Frederick W. Taylor, to recommend strategies for job efficiency, worker training, and performance-based pay.
Step-by-step explanation:
A management consultant advising managers to closely examine job processes, train workers to complete tasks efficiently, and link compensation to performance is drawing upon the principles of scientific management. This approach was pioneered by Frederick W. Taylor in the early 20th century. His influential work, 'The Principles of Scientific Management, advocated for the careful study and structuring of work processes to maximize efficiency and productivity. Taylor's ideas also encompassed training workers and designing tasks that optimize motion efficiency, alongside incentivizing workers through performance-based pay.
On the contrary, Theory Y, as developed by Douglas McGregor, centers on the belief that employees are naturally motivated to work and capable of self-direction, and thus they perform better in environments where they can contribute to decision-making and have some control over their work. Whereas Theory X, also from McGregor, takes a more pessimistic view of worker motivation, suggesting that tight control and incentives or punishments are necessary to manage workers effectively. Henri Fayol was another management theorist who developed general principles of business administration and is not distinctly linked to the concepts above.