Final answer:
A gravestone Doji at the top of an uptrend signals a potential bearish reversal. It indicates that after buyers pushed the price up, sellers managed to pull it back down, showing a loss of momentum in the bullish trend. The terms 'bull' and 'bear' markets refer to periods of rising and declining market prices, respectively.
Step-by-step explanation:
The gravestone Doji is a popular candlestick pattern used in technical analysis of markets, particularly in the context of identifying potential reversals in price trends. When a gravestone Doji appears at the top of an uptrend, especially after a period of strong bullish activity, it is often interpreted as a signal of a potential bearish reversal. This is due to the very small body of the candlestick, which occurs when the open and close prices are very close to each other, and a long upper wick which shows that buyers pushed the price up, but by the close, sellers have pulled it back down to near the opening price.
Bulls and bears are terms used to describe market conditions. A bull market is characterized by rising prices, while a bear market is defined by declining prices. Historical market movements, such as the substantial gain in the DJIA from 4000 in 1995 to 12,000 in 2000, demonstrate periods of bullish activity. In contrast, the drop of 1200 points in 1998 represents bearish movement.