Final answer:
The Three-Fifths Compromise at the Constitutional Convention of 1787 resolved how to account for enslaved individuals for both state representation in the House of Representatives and for federal taxation, by counting three-fifths of the slave population.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Three-Fifths Compromise at the Constitutional Convention of 1787 was a pivotal decision that influenced the political and fiscal dynamics of the newly formed United States. This compromise resolved the contentious issue of how enslaved individuals would be counted for the purpose of state representation in Congress and for federal taxation. The agreed solution was that three-fifths of the enslaved population would be counted towards both the population for representation in the House of Representatives and the taxation of states by the federal government.
Specifically, this meant that every five enslaved individuals in a state would be considered as three free persons when determining the state's number of seats in the House, as well as its liabilities in tax contributions to the national government. In essence, the compromise increased the political power of slaveholding states without granting full acknowledgment to the enslaved population as constituents or fully burdening these states with taxes based on their entire population, enslaved and free.
Therefore, the correct answer to the student's question is B. The Three-Fifths Compromise accounted for slaves for both the purposes of representation of states in the House of Representatives and of taxation of states by the national government.