Final answer:
The Native American leader referred to as King Philip was Metacom. He led his tribe, the Wampanoag, and their allies in King Philip's War against colonial expansion in Massachusetts, ending in their defeat.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Native American ruler known as King Philip who led an attack on colonial villages throughout Massachusetts was d) Metacom. Metacom, also known as Metacomet, was the leader of the Wampanoag tribe and took up arms alongside the Nipmuck, Pocumtuck, and Narragansett tribes during King Philip's War in an effort to halt the expansion and encroachment of Puritan settlers. The conflict signified deep-seated tensions between the Native Americans and the English colonists, leading to devastating consequences for both sides.
After his brother Wamsutta's death under suspicious circumstances, Metacom worked to build an alliance against English expansionism, further deepened by a 1671 treaty that subjugated the Wampanoag to English rule. However, the war ultimately resulted in the defeat of the Native American forces; Metacom was killed and his severed head was displayed in Plymouth, symbolizing the grim triumph of the colonists. Those captured were sold into slavery, notably changing the dynamic and perception between the Native peoples and the English in the Northeast.