Final answer:
The ventral auditory pathway is responsible for recognizing objects by sound, as it processes complex sound features relevant to recognition. This pathway is a part of the larger auditory system that involves various brain structures.
Step-by-step explanation:
The recognition of objects by sound is achieved by different auditory pathways within the brain.
Among these, it is the ventral auditory pathway that is primarily responsible for processing the complex features of sound relevant to recognizing objects.
The auditory pathway travels through the vestibulocochlear nerve to the cochlear nuclei, then to other brain stem structures, and finally to the cerebral cortex.
Sound localization, a separate but related function, utilizes the medullary nuclei within the brain stem and integrates slight interaural time and intensity differences to determine the location of a sound.
Therefore, the correct answer to the question about the recognition of objects by sound is accomplished by the B) ventral auditory pathway.