Final answer:
The ability to identify and locate objects by bouncing sound waves off of them is known as both sonar and echolocation. Echolocation is a natural biological process used by animals, while sonar is a human-made technology that operates at ultrasonic frequencies.
Step-by-step explanation:
The ability to identify and locate objects by bouncing sound waves off them is both sonar and echolocation. Animals such as bats, dolphins, and whales use echolocation naturally to navigate and find food by emitting sounds and then sensing the echoes from these sounds. The reflected sound waves give them information about the distance, direction, size, and shape of the objects around them. Humans have imitated this biological phenomenon with technologies like SONAR (Sound Navigation and Ranging), primarily used in submarines for underwater detection and navigation, which operates typically at ultrasonic frequencies.