Final answer:
Speech and music perception are primarily located in the temporal lobes, which process auditory information and are involved in memory functions associated with sensory experiences.
Step-by-step explanation:
The perception of speech and music is primarily associated with the temporal lobes of the brain. These lobes, located at the sides of the head below the frontal and parietal lobes, are responsible for processing auditory information, enabling hearing, forming and retrieving memories, and integrating memories with sensations. The auditory cortex within the temporal lobes, including Brodmann's areas 41 and 42, is the main area for processing auditory information. Wernicke's area, also in the temporal lobe, is crucial for speech comprehension. Additionally, the temporal lobes are involved in the limbic system, contributing to memory functions related to sensory experiences. Therefore, the correct answer to the student's question is C) temporal lobes.