Final answer:
The term that accurately describes motion at the joint surface is B. Arthrokinematics. It is the study of the minute movements of joint surfaces, which include rolling, sliding, and spinning actions that govern the mobility within synovial joints such as diarthroses.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term that best describes motion at the joint surface is B. Arthrokinematics. This term refers to the movement of joint surfaces relative to each other. It specifically involves the concepts of rolling, sliding, and spinning of one bone in relation to another. Kinematics, in general, is the study of motion without considering its causes. Therefore, biomechanics and kinesiology, although related to motion, do not specifically detail the motion at joint surfaces. Arthrokinematics is an essential concept for understanding the mechanics of diarthrosis, a type of freely mobile joint.
Kinetic friction is another concept worth noting, which comes into play if two surfaces are in contact and moving relative to one another. This frictional force is relevant when considering the real-life application of arthrokinematics, as joint surfaces can be subject to kinetic friction during movement.
In the context of joint movement, gliding movement may occur, which is when flat bone surfaces move past each other with very little rotation or angular movement. This is a key type of movement within arthrokinematic motion, particularly in joints like those of the carpal and tarsal bones.