Final answer:
The statement regarding air pressure being a result of the motion, size, and number of air molecules is true. Air molecules moving faster due to heat exert more pressure, as seen in the operation of a hot-air balloon. Boyle's law describes the inverse relationship between the volume and pressure of a gas.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that air pressure is produced through the motion, size, and number of air molecules is True. Air pressure is the result of the collisions of moving air molecules against surfaces. An increase in the number of these molecules within a given volume—or an increase in their velocity due to higher temperatures—leads to greater pressure. This is because the molecules collide more frequently and with greater force, which translates to an increase in air pressure.
Relating this to the example of a hot-air balloon, the pressure of the gas inside the hot-air balloon can be different from that of the atmosphere outside the balloon due to temperature changes. When the air inside the balloon is heated, the molecules move faster, thereby exerting more pressure. This increased pressure, compared to the cooler air outside the balloon, provides the necessary lift for the balloon to rise. However, the actual pressure levels will depend on various factors including the balloon's altitude and local atmospheric conditions.
Boyle's law further supports the notion of how pressure and volume are related. It states that the pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume, assuming a constant temperature. In other words, if the volume of the gas increases, the pressure decreases, and vice versa. This principle applies to various aspects of science and engineering, including the human respiratory system where changes in lung volume during breathing affect the air pressure within the lungs.