Final answer:
Individualistic cultures prioritize independence and personal achievements, while collectivistic cultures emphasize social harmony and group needs. These differences are reflected in personal attributions of success and the role of the government in society.
Step-by-step explanation:
The key differences between individualistic cultures and collectivistic cultures lie in their fundamental values and approaches to self and society. In individualistic cultures, such as those in the United States, England, and Australia, there is a strong emphasis on independence, competition, and personal achievement. These societies prioritize the rights and responsibilities of the individual over those of the group, leading to a focus on personal freedom and individual success.
In contrast, collectivistic cultures, which are common in Asian, African, and South American countries, value social harmony, respectfulness, and group needs above individual desires. People in these societies are more likely to prioritize relationships with others and view success and failure as a reflection of the group's efforts, rather than individual efforts alone. An example highlighting this difference can be seen in how athletes from each culture might explain winning an important sporting event. An individual from an individualistic culture may attribute their success to personal skill and determination, while someone from a collectivistic culture might focus on the support and contribution of their team and community.
The way governments operate also reflects these cultural differences. In individualistic systems, the government's role is often seen as protecting individual freedoms, whereas in collectivist systems, the government may play a more active role in ensuring the welfare of the community as a whole.