Final answer:
Graffiti can indicate many things including gang-related messages such as gang identification, territorial boundaries, and disrespect towards other gangs, but it can also be a form of political expression and art resistance.
Step-by-step explanation:
Graffiti can indicate a range of messages and functions within an urban landscape, but not all graffiti is associated with gang activity or intentions. When considering what graffiti can indicate, options such as gang identification, nicknames of gang members, impending inter-gang violence, claims of responsibility for past criminal acts, territorial boundaries, and disrespect towards other gangs are examples that specifically relate to gang-related graffiti. However, graffiti is also a form of cultural expression and has a history as a means of political uprising and resistance.
Graffiti can function like fences, marking territories and signaling neighborhood boundaries, especially in gang activity contexts, as seen in Los Angeles where competing gangs use graffiti to mark and/or dispute territorial boundaries. Moreover, modern street art, once termed as graffiti, has evolved and can be seen as an act of resistance, social commentary, and, in some cases, art provocation, going beyond the conventional boundaries of gang-related graffiti.