Final answer:
An (b) ascribed status is one that is given to a person without choice, like son, elderly person, or female. Achieved statuses, such as a self-made millionaire, are earned or chosen. Occupational prestige reflects the societal valuation of different jobs, indicating they are not equally valued.
Step-by-step explanation:
Sociologists define a status as the responsibilities and benefits a person experiences according to their rank and role in society. One can either acquire or be granted a status. An ascribed status is given to a person and is not earned or chosen, and examples include statuses based on one's sex, ethnicity, or family lineage. In contrast, an achieved status is one that a person earns or chooses, such as becoming a doctor, lawyer, or parent.
In reference to the question, a(n) ascribed status is given to you; you do not earn it. Examples of ascribed status are being a son, elderly person, or female. Conversely, an achieved status, such as a high school dropout, self-made millionaire, or nurse, is obtained by choice and through one's actions.
Regarding occupational prestige, it indicates that jobs are not equally valued. This means that society places different levels of esteem and respect on various occupations, and this valuation affects the overall status attributed to individuals based on their chosen professions.