Final answer:
The ovaries are the structures in the female reproductive system where the female gametes are produced. Fertilization typically occurs in the fallopian tubes, not the ovaries, uterus, or cervix.
Step-by-step explanation:
The structure where female gametes, also known as ova or eggs, are produced in the female reproductive system is the ovary. Within the ovaries, nests of cells called follicles are the functional units, each surrounding an immature egg. During a woman's reproductive years, typically one egg matures and is ovulated each month. The fallopian tubes, which extend from the uterus to the ovaries, play a crucial role in guiding the ovulated eggs into the tubes where they can be fertilized if they meet with sperm.
Fertilization usually occurs within the fallopian tube, not in the ovary, uterus, or vagina. This is where the sperm meets and fuses with the egg as it travels towards the uterus. It's important to note that although close to the fallopian tubes, neither the cervix, which is the lower part of the uterus, nor the uterus itself is the site of egg production.