Question

Roman revolution, 121-27 BCE

a) The Romans launched a successful military campaign.
b) A series of political and social conflicts in Rome.
c) Rome experienced a cultural renaissance.
d) The Roman Empire expanded its territory.

Answer 1

The Roman revolution from 121-27 BCE is marked by political and social conflicts within Rome, leading to the fall of the Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire.

Step-by-step explanation:

The 'Roman revolution' from 121-27 BCE refers to b) A series of political and social conflicts in Rome. During this time, the Roman Republic experienced significant strains due to its aggressive territorial expansion and the resulting social, economic, and political issues.

The growing dissatisfaction with the leadership of the Senate and the aristocracy led to a power shift towards strong military leaders, resulting in increasingly autocratic governance. The climax of these struggles saw the end of the Republic and the establishment of the Roman Empire under Augustus in 27 BCE.

Throughout the mid-second century BCE, Rome became a dominant Mediterranean power, but this came at the cost of severe internal strife.

The Gracchi brothers, for instance, epitomized the rise of populist leaders who challenged the status quo, setting a precedent that others like Sulla and eventually Julius Caesar would follow. The Republic's transformation into an Empire was marked by extraordinary military achievements but also the undermining of the Republican system.