Final answer:
School-age children have more complex cognitive functions and moral reasoning compared to younger children. Their thought processes become logical and organized, while in terms of moral development, they begin to consider societal norms during Kohlberg's conventional level. As they transition into adolescence, they develop capabilities for even more abstract and moral reasoning.
Step-by-step explanation:
School-age children exhibit more advanced cognitive and moral reasoning compared to younger children. As children grow, particularly from around 6 to 11 years old, they develop the ability to think more logically and organized about concrete information. This includes understanding concepts such as causation, planning towards goals, and comprehending addition and subtraction.
Regarding moral reasoning, Lawrence Kohlberg's conventional level of moral development occurs during adolescence when youngsters become more aware of others' feelings and societal views on morality. At this stage, children consider what society regards as moral and immoral, which is different from the preconventional reasoning of younger children who are guided by pain and pleasure and the postconventional stage where abstract thinking about morality develops.
Furthermore, cognitive abilities continue to expand into adolescence, leading to even more sophisticated abstract thinking and the ability to consider multiple viewpoints, as described by Piaget's theory of cognitive development under formal operational thought.