Final answer:
The term 'Marketing myopia' explains the importance of fulfilling customer needs alongside achieving organizational goals. It is contrasted with cognitive dissonance, which pertains to the discomfort experienced when there's a lack of consistency between beliefs and actions.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer to the student's question is d) Marketing myopia. Marketing myopia is a term used when organizations are so focused on selling products or services that they forget about the customer needs and market changes, thus potentially leading to a decline in their business. To achieve organizational goals and ensure long-term success, companies must strive to satisfy their customers while also keeping an eye on their own strategic objectives.
Related to the psychology behind decision-making and perception, one may encounter terms such as congruence and cognitive dissonance. Congruence refers to the idea that people's self-perceptions should match their actions. On the other hand, cognitive dissonance is a psychological concept referring to the discomfort felt by an individual when they hold conflicting beliefs or values, or when their behavior is inconsistent with their beliefs, disrupting their sense of consistency.