Final answer:
The Americas used indigenous animals like llamas, alpacas, and turkeys from 600 C.E. to 1450 C.E. Europeans later introduced animals like horses and cattle, greatly impacting native societies.
Step-by-step explanation:
Between 600 C.E. and 1450 C.E., the Americas utilized indigenous animals like llamas and alpacas for various purposes including transportation, clothing, and as sources of food. Unlike Eurasia, the Americas had very few large mammal species that could be domesticated, which is why animals such as horses, pigs, and cattle that were introduced by Europeans post-1492 had such a transformative effect on American societies.
The Native Americans made significant advances in agriculture, leading to the creation of major staple crops such as corn, but in terms of animals, they were mostly limited to those native to the continent like the turkey, which was eventually transported to Europe. The Europeans' introduction of Old World animals greatly influenced the dietary and agricultural practices of the indigenous populations. For example, horses revolutionized the mobility and way of life for tribes like the Lakota who used them for hunting bison.