Final answer:
The three basic categories of export transporters in biology are passive transport, channel proteins for facilitated diffusion, and carrier proteins for active transport.
Step-by-step explanation:
In biology, the three basic categories of export transporters are:
1. Passive Transport: This type of transport does not require energy and involves the movement of substances down their concentration gradient. Simple diffusion is an example of passive transport, where substances move directly through the phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane.
2. Channel Proteins for Facilitated Diffusion: Channel proteins provide a hydrated opening through the membrane layers, allowing the transport of specific polar substances, such as ions and water. Aquaporins are a type of channel protein that facilitates the rapid movement of water across the membrane.
3. Carrier Proteins for Active Transport: Carrier proteins or pumps are involved in active transport, which requires energy in the form of ATP. Uniporters, symporters, and antiporters are three types of carrier proteins that transport specific ions or molecules across the membrane.