Final answer:
The correct answer is option a) Ottoman victory.
Step-by-step explanation:
The outcome of the Battle of Varna in November 1444 was an Ottoman victory. The clash was part of a broader struggle between the Ottoman Empire and the Christian states of Europe. The Christian forces, under the command of the Polish king Władysław III, were decisively defeated by the Ottoman army led by Sultan Murad II.
A critical moment in the battle was the death of King Władysław III, which is depicted in an Ottoman miniature illustrating his beheading by Murad's guards as per legend. The defeat at Varna was significant in that it solidified Ottoman control over the Balkans and thwarted Christian efforts to reclaim lands under Ottoman dominion.