Final answer:
Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, which absorbs sunlight during photosynthesis, enabling plants to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that best explains how chloroplasts function during the process of photosynthesis is 'b. Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll which absorbs energy from the Sun.' Chloroplasts are specialized organelles within plant and photosynthetic protist cells that harbor chlorophyll, a green pigment.
During photosynthesis, this pigment is critical for absorbing sunlight, which provides the energy necessary for the synthesis of glucose from carbon dioxide and water. Within the chloroplasts, thylakoid membranes contain the chlorophyll that captures solar energy.
The light energy absorbed by chlorophyll drives the chemical reactions needed to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen, essentially providing the food and oxygen that animals and humans need for survival.