Question

There are 5 steps of the initiation of transcription. What are they (in order)?

Answer 1

The initiation of transcription involves promoter recognition, formation of a transcription bubble, complementary base pairing, synthesis of the RNA strand, and escape of the transcription complex from the promoter.

Step-by-step explanation:

The initiation of transcription in prokaryotes involves five key steps:

1. Promoter recognition: RNA polymerase identifies and binds to a specific DNA sequence known as the promoter.
2. Formation of the transcription bubble: DNA unwinds to form a transcription bubble, allowing RNA polymerase to access the template strand.
3. Complementary base pairing: RNA polymerase facilitates the pairing of ribonucleoside triphosphates (rNTPs) with their complementary DNA bases on the template strand.
4. Synthesis of the RNA strand: RNA polymerase catalyzes the formation of phosphodiester bonds between the rNTPs, building the RNA molecule in a 5' to 3' direction.
5. Escape of the transcription complex from the promoter: Once enough RNA has been synthesized, the transcription machinery moves away from the promoter, transitioning into the elongation phase.

These steps are essential for accurately and efficiently initiating the transcription process, setting the stage for subsequent elongation and termination.