Final answer:
Birth defects such as central nervous system dysfunction and malformations of the skull and face can be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors, including genetic mutations, environmental exposures, and craniosynostosis.
Step-by-step explanation:
Birth defects such as central nervous system dysfunction and malformations of the skull and face can be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Some of the known causes include:
- Genetic factors: Certain genetic mutations or abnormalities can contribute to the development of birth defects.
- Environmental factors: Exposure to substances like alcohol, radiation, and certain infections during pregnancy can increase the risk of birth defects.
- Craniosynostosis: This is a condition where the sutures in the skull close prematurely, leading to abnormal skull growth and deformities.
It is important for pregnant women to take precautions and seek medical advice to reduce the risk of birth defects.