Final answer:
The dorsal column pathway is responsible for transmitting deep pressure, vibration, proprioception, and fine touch sensations to the brain. It ascends ipsilaterally and crosses over in the medulla, differentiating it from the spinothalamic pathway, which carries pain and temperature signals and crosses over at the spinal level of entry.
Step-by-step explanation:
The specific ascending tract in the nervous system responsible for transmitting signals related to deep pressure, vibration, proprioception, and fine touch is the dorsal column pathway. This pathway carries information from the sensory receptors through the dorsal columns of the spinal cord and decussates (crosses over) in the medulla, ascends to the brain ipsilaterally, ultimately synapsing in the thalamus and being projected to the somatosensory cortex. In contrast, the spinothalamic pathway is primarily responsible for transmitting pain and temperature sensations and decussates at the level of entry in the spinal cord before ascending contralaterally.