Final answer:
Sulfur (S) aims to have an electron configuration like the noble gas argon (Ar) by obtaining a full outer shell of electrons.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the context of the periodic table and electron configurations, sulfur (S) is striving to achieve an electron configuration similar to the noble gases. Specifically, sulfur belongs to group 16 and aims to obtain a full outer shell of electrons, like the noble gas argon (Ar), which has a complete octet in its valence shell.
Atoms, like sulfur, often gain, lose, or share electrons through chemical reactions, such as forming sulfide ions (S²⁻) when reacting with metals, to attain stable electron configurations akin to noble gases.