Final answer:
Mutation testing and fuzzing are software testing methodologies used to ensure the quality and security of a program. They involve introducing changes and unexpected data to reveal potential vulnerabilities.
Step-by-step explanation:
While conducting software testing, mutation testing and fuzzing are types of methodology. These are not to be confused with biological mutations such as germline or somatic mutations, which concern changes in DNA sequences. Mutation testing in software is a method used to evaluate the quality of software tests. It involves making small changes to a program's source code (mutants) and checking if the software tests detect the errors.
Fuzzing is another testing technique that provides invalid, unexpected, or random data as inputs to a software system. The main goal of fuzzing is to find security loopholes or bugs that could cause the program to crash, potentially revealing vulnerabilities. Both mutation testing and fuzzing are crucial in ensuring that a software application is robust, secure, and reliable.