Final answer:
The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) requires educational institutions to implement security and privacy controls for student educational records, allowing parents of minors and eligible students to control access to their educational information.
Step-by-step explanation:
The law that requires educational institutions to implement security and privacy controls for student educational records is known as the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA). Enacted in 1974, FERPA is a federal law that gives parents certain protections concerning their children's education records, such as report cards, transcripts, disciplinary records, contact and family information, and class schedules. Once a student turns 18 years old or enters a postsecondary institution at any age, the rights under FERPA transfer from the parents to the student, referred to as the "eligible student." Institutions must have written permission from the parent or eligible student in order to release any information from a student's educational record.
This law applies to all schools that receive funds under an applicable program of the U.S. Department of Education. FERPA's aim is to protect the privacy of student education records, while also allowing for the right to review these records and request corrections to any inaccuracies. Aside from the Clery Act and COPPA, which also pertain to privacy and security on campus and online for minors, FERPA remains the key statute for educational records specifically.