Final answer:
The ground fault interrupter (GFI) and isolation transformer, along with circuit breakers, fuses, and a three-wire system, guard against excessive radiation exposure and electric shock. Shielding, maintaining distance, and reducing exposure time are additional safety measures against radiation exposure.
Step-by-step explanation:
A ground fault interrupter (GFI) guards against excessive radiation exposure and electric shock by detecting the loss of current to unintentional paths. It helps to prevent shock by interrupting the circuit if a difference in currents between hot and neutral wires is detected. Similarly, an isolation transformer provides shock prevention by insulating the device being powered from the original power source, which minimizes the hazard of electric shock.
Furthermore, the use of a three-wire system, which includes live/hot, neutral, and earth/ground wires, also guards against electrical hazards. In this system, grounding both the neutral wire and the case of the appliance aids in preventing electric shocks and thermal hazards. Additionally, to avoid thermal hazards, devices such as circuit breakers and fuses are used to interrupt excessive currents.
Regarding radiation exposure, measures include limiting time spent near the source, increasing the distance from the source, and employing shielding to absorb radiation. Wearing insulated shoes is a safety precaution to prevent a potential pathway for electric current through the body.