Final answer:
The cathode is the negative side of an x-ray tube, with primary parts being the filament and filament voltage. X-rays are produced in the anode through electron deceleration and atomic interactions characteristic of the anode material.
Step-by-step explanation:
The cathode is the negative side of the x-ray tube; it has 2 primary parts, a filament and a filament voltage. In the context of x-ray machinery, the production of x-rays can occur through two primary processes within the anode, opposite to the cathode. The first process involves the deceleration of electrons which produces bremsstrahlung, or braking radiation, and results in a broad curve of bremsstrahlung radiation visible in x-ray spectra. The second process is atomic and produces characteristic x-rays, specific to the anode material. Together, these form the typical profile of radiation emitted from an x-ray tube. It's also important to note that in devices like cathode-ray tubes (CRTs), electrons are accelerated and steered using magnetic fields towards the anode where interaction with the material can lead to the emission of photons of electromagnetic radiation, commonly known as x-rays in x-ray machines.