Final answer:
The argument referring to a series of connected events where one leads to another, often with dire consequences, is known as a slippery slope fallacy. The correct option is (C) slippery slope.
Step-by-step explanation:
The argument that posits certain events lie along a continuum and asserts that affecting one event influences all subsequent events is classified as a slippery slope fallacy. This type of argumentation suggests that a single action will lead to a series of other actions, ultimately resulting in some significant negative outcome.
For example, the assertion that if a restaurant loses one customer, it may go bankrupt, is a form of slippery slope reasoning. It fails because the premises provided are inadequate to support the dire conclusion that is predicted. Additionally, alternative arguments with equal or greater support are typically available.
The arguments that consist of the idea that certain events lie along a continuum, and affecting one event affects all events, are called circular reasoning. Circular reasoning is a fallacy where the conclusion of an argument is used as a premise to support that same conclusion. This creates a circular or self-referential reasoning that does not provide any meaningful evidence or logical support.
The correct option is (C) slippery slope.