Final answer:
Keller's motivational model, known as ARCS, is based on the essential elements of Attention, Relevance, Confidence, and Satisfaction and is rooted in various motivational theories, including arousal theory, intrinsic/extrinsic motivation, and self-efficacy.
Step-by-step explanation:
The conceptual foundation of Keller's motivational model, known as the ARCS model, revolves around four key elements: Attention, Relevance, Confidence, and Satisfaction. This model is designed to help educators create more engaging and effective learning environments. The ARCS model suggests that for students to be motivated, they need to have their interest captured (Attention), see the relevance of the learning material (Relevance), believe in their ability to succeed (Confidence) and experience a sense of achievement or reward (Satisfaction). The foundation of this model is grounded in various principles of motivation, including arousal theory, which suggests that individuals seek to maintain an optimal level of arousal; intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, as discussed by Cameron & Pierce (1994); and self-efficacy, as theorized by Albert Bandura. These aspects contribute to the comprehensive approach that Keller's model takes in addressing student motivation. Keller's ARCS model can be particularly effective in scenarios such as visiting an amusement park, where the thrill and excitement (arousal) capture attention, the rides and experiences provide relevance to personal interests or desires, the overcoming of personal fears to take on a ride can build confidence, and the pleasure and memories from the day offer satisfaction.