Final answer:
Line-item budgeting is the method where a fixed sum is allocated to each category beforehand, providing clear definitions and control over department or category expenditures.
Step-by-step explanation:
A fixed amount of money for anticipated expenditures for specific categories defines line-item budgeting. This budgeting method involves allocating a fixed sum of money to each line item or category in advance. Unlike variable budgeting, which adjusts based on activity levels, or zero-based budgeting, which starts from zero and justifies all expenses, line-item allocates a specified amount that doesn't vary with performance or output levels. It's a common approach in many organizations where the expenditures for each department or category need clear definition and control.