Final answer:
Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal was a transformative series of legislative proposals in the 1930s that expanded federal government powers, provided economic relief, and ushered in lasting changes in governmental roles and the welfare state amidst the challenges of the Great Depression.
Step-by-step explanation:
President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal program in the 1930s established many cornerstones of our modern political world by enabling the federal government to play a more active role in the economy and expanding the government's power. This series of legislative proposals and programs aimed to combat the effects of the Great Depression and included initiatives that stirred both support and criticism. While the New Deal resulted in economic improvements and infrastructure development, it also marked the start of more direct government involvement in citizens' daily lives, reshaping the government-citizen relationship.
Roosevelt's leadership qualities and policies - ranging from social programs created through the New Deal to interventions on behalf of the Western Allies prior to the U.S. entry into World War II - left a profound impact on national politics and policies. Despite facing challenges such as Supreme Court pushbacks, Roosevelt eventually succeeded in implementing significant reforms that would influence the nation for decades. Among these were the foundational aspects of the welfare state, the mobilization of new voting blocs, and the containment of radical political alternatives within the U.S. political culture.
All in all, Roosevelt's tenure during the Great Depression and World War II solidified a major transformation in the role of the federal government and has been considered both a pivotal and controversial period in American history.