Final answer:
The force to push a box up a ramp cannot be determined solely by the height and length of the ramp. The closest meaning to 'hypothesis' is 'suggestion'. The market revolution had a significant impact on U.S. social and economic changes.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement regarding the force required to push a box with a weight of 300 N up a ramp is false. The fact that the ramp is 1.0 m high and 3.0 m long does not automatically mean that the boy was pushing with a force of exactly 100 N. The actual force required would depend on additional factors including the angle of the ramp, the coefficient of friction between the box and the ramp, and any other external forces acting on the box. The mechanical advantage provided by the ramp can make moving the box easier, but it does not directly translate into a force of one-third of the weight of the box.
As for the word closest in meaning to hypothesis, the answer would be suggestion (”d”). A hypothesis is an assumed explanation for a phenomenon that needs to be tested. A suggestion can imply a proposed explanation for an observation or a phenomenon that is not yet verified or generally accepted as a fact or a law.
The statement about the market revolution being a driver of social and economic changes in the United States is true. The market revolution, which occurred in the 19th century, led to vast economic changes including the increase of factories and mechanized industries, and social shifts as a result of changed labor dynamics and the rise of different social classes.