Final answer:
All legislative powers in the U.S. Constitution are vested solely in the U.S. Congress, which includes the Senate and House of Representatives. Congress has the authority to pass laws necessary and proper for executing its powers, and the supremacy clause ensures these laws override conflicting state laws.
Step-by-step explanation:
All legislative powers granted in the U.S. Constitution may legally be used only by Congress of the United States. This Congress is a bicameral body consisting of a Senate and House of Representatives. According to Article I, Section 1 of the U.S. Constitution, "All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives." Additionally, Article I, Section 8 grants Congress the power to "make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof."
Furthermore, the supremacy clause in Article VI establishes that the Constitution and laws passed by Congress are the supreme Law of the Land, prevailing over any state laws in case of conflict. However, the Tenth Amendment reserves any powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by the States, to the States or the people. Combined with the necessary and proper clause, these sections empower Congress to enact laws within its constitutional boundaries while maintaining a federal balance with state sovereignties.