Final answer:
The temporal bone contains the squamous, mastoid, and zygomatic portions along with the mastoid and styloid processes, and houses important structures like the external acoustic meatus and parts of the middle and inner ear.
Step-by-step explanation:
The temporal bone is a complex structure in the human skull that contains several important regions and features. The upper portion, called the squamous portion, is flat and forms part of the temple. Below this is the zygomatic process which extends forward to become part of the zygomatic arch, also known as the cheekbone.
The posterior part of the temporal bone is known as the mastoid portion, which includes the mastoid process, a projection that serves as an attachment point for muscles and can be felt behind the earlobe. The petrous portion lies deeper inside the skull and houses the structures of the middle and inner ears. Additionally, the temporal bone features the external acoustic meatus, or ear canal, through which sound enters the ear.