Final Answer:
The 12 vertebrae that connect to the ribs are the thoracic vertebrae.
Step-by-step explanation:
The human spine is composed of various vertebrae, each with specific functions. The thoracic vertebrae, denoted as T1 to T12, are located in the upper and mid-back region. They articulate with the ribs, forming the thoracic cage or ribcage. This structural connection is essential for protecting vital organs such as the heart and lungs.
The thoracic vertebrae are characterized by the presence of costal facets on their sides, which articulate with the heads of the ribs. The ribs, in turn, connect to the sternum anteriorly, completing the ribcage and providing stability to the upper body.
The thoracic vertebrae play a crucial role in supporting the ribs and facilitating various movements of the torso. The articulation between the thoracic vertebrae and the ribs allows for flexibility in the chest region, enabling activities such as breathing and twisting motions. Additionally, the specific structure of the thoracic vertebrae and their connections to the ribs contribute to the overall integrity and functionality of the spine.
Understanding this anatomical relationship is fundamental in fields such as medicine, physical therapy, and biomechanics, as it provides insights into the mechanics of the human skeletal system and informs diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for conditions affecting the spine and thoracic region.