Final answer:
Memory dump files are created by Windows during a system crash and stored in %SystemRoot%\MEMORY.DMP. These files contain a snapshot of the memory state to help diagnose the cause of the crash.
Step-by-step explanation:
The files referred to in the question are known as memory dump files. These files are created by the Windows operating system whenever there is a system crash, also known as a blue screen of death (BSOD). The %SystemRoot%\MEMORY.DMP file contains a snapshot of the system's memory at the time of the crash, which can be used for troubleshooting the cause of the crash by IT professionals or developers. Memory dumps come in different forms such as complete, kernel, or mini-dumps, depending on the system settings and the type of error encountered.