Final answer:
The terminal stages of oogenesis involve the release of a secondary oocyte during ovulation, followed by the journey of the oocyte through the fallopian tube and potential fertilization. Hormonal changes regulate these processes and the growth of ovarian follicles, while maintaining the endometrium for pregnancy.
Step-by-step explanation:
The terminal stages of oogenesis relative to ovulation and fertilization involve the release of a mature secondary oocyte from the ovary, which occurs during ovulation. After ovulation, the secondary oocyte travels through the fallopian tube and awaits fertilization by a sperm. If fertilization occurs, the secondary oocyte completes meiosis II and forms a diploid zygote.
During the ovarian cycle, the growth of follicles on the surface of the ovary is stimulated by rising levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). This prepares the egg for ovulation. As the follicles grow, they release estrogens and a low level of progesterone. If implantation does not occur, the lining of the uterus is shed during menstruation, and the cycle begins again.
The hormonal changes that occur during the ovarian and menstrual cycles are regulated by GnRH, LH, FSH, and other hormones.