Final answer:
The process where the Graafian follicle bursts and releases the secondary oocyte is called ovulation. This event is driven by a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH) and results in the transformation of the follicle into a corpus luteum post-release.
Step-by-step explanation:
Ovulation and its Aftermath
The process in which the Graafian follicle rises to the surface, bursts, and releases the secondary oocyte is known as ovulation. This complex biological event occurs approximately halfway through a female's menstrual cycle, typically around day 14 in a 28-day cycle. An important hormone called luteinizing hormone (LH) surges, which leads to several changes within the mature follicle: it triggers the resumption of meiosis in the primary oocyte to form a secondary oocyte, weakens the ovarian wall, and stimulates proteases that degrade structural proteins. This results in the bursting of the follicle and the release of the secondary oocyte. Post-ovulation, the remnants of the follicle transform into an endocrine structure called the corpus luteum, which begins to secrete another hormone, progesterone, playing a crucial role if pregnancy occurs.
It is fascinating to note that the oocyte, upon release, is surrounded by protective layers: the corona radiata and the zona pellucida. If not fertilized, the secondary oocyte will not complete meiosis II and will disintegrate, ending its journey. However, if fertilization occurs, it swiftly concludes meiosis II, resulting in a diploid zygote that progresses down the fallopian tube towards potential implantation and pregnancy development.