Final answer:
Exposures to common bloodborne pathogens like HIV, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C occur via direct contact with infected blood or bodily fluids. Health-care workers should practice good hygiene and use protective equipment to prevent infection.
Correct option is B
Step-by-step explanation:
The most common bloodborne pathogens are HIV, Hepatitis B (HBV), and Hepatitis C (HCV). Exposures to these diseases most commonly occur via direct contact with infected blood or bodily fluids. This can include scenarios such as IV drug use, sexual transmission, healthcare workers treating infected patients, and transfusions. It's important for health-care workers to take appropriate precautions to prevent infection by HBV and other illnesses. Wearing gloves and face protection, using disposable syringes and needles, and practicing good hygiene by washing exposed skin with soap and water are recommended preventative measures. Additionally, post-exposure treatment options such as hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) and vaccination can be considered in the event of exposure to the virus from an infected patient.
It is essential to understand that these pathogens are not transmitted through proper hygiene practices, vaccination, or airborne transmission, nor do they generally spread during routine activities that do not involve exposure to blood or body fluids.