Final answer:
Logic is the study of reasoning and aims to formalize and describe the processes used to arrive at claims. Logicians categorize and explain different forms of reasoning to understand what to do right and what to avoid. Logic is foundational to learning and plays a crucial role in testing hypotheses.
Step-by-step explanation:
Logic is the study of reasoning and aims to formalize and describe the processes used to arrive at claims. It is the study of both how we reason and how we ought to reason. Logicians categorize and explain different forms of reasoning with the goal of understanding what to do right and what to avoid.
In logic, claims are the product of arguments. An argument is a way of formalizing reasons to support a claim, where the claim is the conclusion and the reasons given are the premises.
The rules of logic, like the rules of math, are like rules of thought and underlie thinking itself. Logic is foundational to the pursuit of learning and plays a crucial role in testing hypotheses.